June, 2023 - WAARTSY

Story 1: Starting my Career as a Geotech Engineer

In 2011, when I joined a Mining MNC company in India, I had the opportunity to work as an operation engineer. My responsibility was mainly on HEMM’s fleet management, haul road management, dewatering, dumping, drilling activity management etc. At that time, I didn’t have any idea about geotech engineer and geotechnical engineering. From 2011 to 2014, I continuously worked there with the same responsibility in 3-shift operations. Initially, it was very difficult for me to digest all the activities which were running in mining operations because of many reasons.

Challenges faced-

The first one is the language barrier. In the maximum mining industry, shopfloor workers generally communicate with each other through their mother tongue, and in my case it was Rajasthani. Although the Rajasthani language is slightly similar to Hindi, the accent was completely different. The second thing was the completely different climate and food. I am from the eastern part of India (west Bengal). You can easily understand how much different the climate is from east to west, around 2000km from my home town. But somehow I managed and showed my dedication in day-to-day activity which was noticed by my manager and after 3 years my manager gave me an opportunity for a geotechnical training.

Initially, I thought- it was normal training for a short period, maybe for 3-4 days or one week, but when my manager told me that it is a complete one-year’s intensive course, I was a little bit nervous about the proposal. The reason was the bond for the next 3 years. I got an official mail to sign a bond paper against the training of 1 year at an institute- Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad; a reputed scientific institute for mining engineering.

Finalization of the training-

Ultimately after a lot of discussions- management reduced the bond period to 2 years. A total of 15 mining engineers and geologists were selected for the intensive course. The name of the course was- “An intensive course on rock mechanics in hard rock mining”.

I booked my train ticket in Purba Express and started my journey from Rajasthan to Delhi and Delhi to Dhanbad for the training and on 1st January 2014, I reached Dhanbad. On the first day, when I entered my room at the Executive development center- I had no idea about the happiest part of my life.

Training course-

This training was the key to my career as a Geotech Engineer. The total course was divided into 4 parts- 1st 3 months was classroom training and then the next 3 months was practical training. Again next 3 months were classroom training as well as field training in various mining industries and the last 3 months were on projects. Our classroom training was from 9 O’clock in the morning till 5 O’clock in the evening. The first 3 months I really enjoyed the flow of life, there in the Executive Development Centre. We used to start our day from morning 9:00AM. Generally, our duty hours was from 7:45AM in our company till 6 PM in the evening, but here it was from 9:00 AM. If you are an engineer you can understand the happiness of getting an extra hour to sleep in the morning time and we were not different.

Happy Moments-

We were getting hour monthly salary as usual. Not only the salary but also the incentives and extra pocket money. Can you imagine? An engineer is doing classroom training like a college student and getting paid fully with extra pocket money. At least I didn’t have any idea about this situation and really enjoyed every moment in the first 3 months period.

After 3 months we returned back to our workplace in Rajasthan and took small-small projects on the topics which we learned at Indian School of Mines. I took a project on “blast damage criteria. After 3 months again we reached the institute and started classroom and practical training. Our practical training were both in laboratory as well as on field training. We visited various coal and metal mines in the eastern part of India. We visited Narwapahad mines of UCIL, Jaduguda, Khurda mines of HCL etc. and we also visited various coal mines.

But till then we were just enjoying the moments without a deep understanding of the fundamentals of geotechnical engineering. The real understanding came when we started working on real problems. After visiting so many mines and after understanding their practical problems, we started thinking about the solution, but at that time we didn’t have any solution, we just understood the problems. A clear understanding of problems was the pillar of our carrier as a geotech engineer.

You can see this post also– https://waartsy.com/how-a-geotechnical-engineer-confirms-the-stability-of-a-slope-through-numerical-simulation/

In the next part (story 2)- I’ll share my experience, how I took a project on the combination of Geotech and blasting, and how I came to a solution to a practical problem.

Cont…

Understanding the Importance of Geotechnical Analysis for Stability Assessment

As an engineer, I have come to understand the importance of geotechnical analysis for stability assessment in engineering projects.

Geotechnical analysis is the study of the behavior of soil and rocks, their properties, and their interaction with structures.

It is a crucial aspect of any construction project that involves excavation, foundation design, or slope stability analysis.

In this article, I will explore the importance of geotechnical analysis in engineering. I’ll also explain the common methods, factors affecting stability assessment and case studies. We’ll also understand the importance of it in construction projects, benefits, tools used, and hiring an expert.

Introduction to geotechnical analysis and stability assessment

Geotechnical analysis involves the study of the physical properties of soil and rocks, simulation and data analysis.

The analysis is used to determine how soil and rocks will behave when subjected to various loads. How much it will deformsuch as the weight of a structure or the forces generated by wind or water.

Stability assessment is the process of evaluating the stability of a structure or slope and identifying potential failure mechanisms. It involves analyzing the strength and stability of the soil and rock mass, as well as the interaction between the soil and the structure.

Stability assessment are crucial in engineering projects because they help to ensure the safety and longevity of structures.

By understanding the behavior of soil and rocks, engineers can design structures and foundations that are stable and can withstand the loads they will be subjected to.

Geotechnical analysis and stability assessment are also critical in determining the potential for landslides, slope failures, and other geotechnical hazards. Any geotechnical hazard can have devastating consequences for people and property.

The importance of geotechnical analysis in engineering

We can understand- geotechnical analysis is an essential aspect of engineering. This is because it provides critical information about the behavior of soil and rocks.

This information is used to design structures that are safe, stable, and durable. Without geotechnical analysis, we’ll not be able to accurately predict how soil and rocks will behave when subjected to loads, which could result in structures that are unsafe or unstable.

Geotechnical analysis is also important in determining the potential for geotechnical hazards, such as landslides or slope failures, which can have significant economic and environmental impacts.

In each of these projects, geotechnical analysis is used to evaluate the soil and rock conditions at the site. It determines the loads that the structure will be subjected to, and design foundations and other structural elements that are stable and safe.

Common methods for geotechnical analysis and stability assessment

There are several common methods for geotechnical analysis and stability assessment, including field testing, laboratory testing, and numerical modeling.

Field testing involves collecting data from the site, such as soil and rock samples, and conducting tests to determine the properties of the soil and rock mass.

Laboratory testing involves analyzing the samples collected from the site in a laboratory setting to determine their physical and mechanical properties.

Numerical modeling involves using computer software to simulate the behavior of soil and rock mass and to evaluate the stability of structures and slopes.

Field testing methods for geotechnical analysis include the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT), and Pressuremeter Test.

Laboratory testing methods include triaxial testing, direct shear testing, and consolidation testing. Numerical modeling methods include Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Discrete Element Method (DEM), and Limit Equilibrium Analysis (LEA).

Factors affecting stability assessment

Several factors can affect stability assessment, including soil and rock properties, slope geometry, groundwater conditions, seismic activity, and weather conditions.

Soil and rock properties, such as strength and stiffness, are critical in determining the stability of a slope or structure. Slope geometry, such as the angle of the slope and the height of the slope, can also affect stability.

Groundwater conditions, such as the water table elevation and the permeability of the soil, can affect the stability of a slope or structure. Seismic activity and weather conditions, such as heavy rainfall or strong winds, can also affect the stability of a slope or structure.

Case studies

Geotechnical analysis has been used in several high-profile engineering projects to ensure the stability and safety of structures.

One such project is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which is the tallest building in the world. Geotechnical analysis was used to evaluate the soil and rock conditions at the site and to design the foundation system for the building.

Another project is the Panama Canal Expansion, which involved the excavation of over 200 million cubic meters of soil and rock. Geotechnical analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the slopes and to design measures to mitigate the risks associated with landslides and slope failures.

Importance in construction projects

Geotechnical analysis is essential in construction projects. It is also important in mining projects because it helps to ensure the safety and longevity of structures. By understanding the behavior of soil and rocks, engineers can design stable structures and foundations.

Geotechnical analysis is also critical in determining the potential for geotechnical hazards, such as landslides or slope failures, which can have significant economic and environmental impacts.

Geotechnical analysis is used in a wide range of construction projects, including the design of buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, and roads.

In each of these projects, geotechnical analysis is used to evaluate the soil and rock conditions at the site, determine the loads that the structure will be subjected to, and design foundations and other structural elements that are stable and safe.

Geotechnical analysis is also used to evaluate the potential for geotechnical hazards and to design measures to mitigate the risks associated with these hazards.

Benefits

Geotechnical analysis provides several benefits for stability assessment, including improved safety, reduced risk of failure, and cost savings.

By understanding the behavior of soil and rocks, engineers can design structures and foundations that are safe and stable.

It can also help to identify potential geotechnical hazards and to design measures to mitigate the risks and hazards. It ultimately reduces the potential for damage and loss of life. Finally, geotechnical analysis can help to reduce construction costs by optimizing the design.

See this post https://waartsy.com/importance-of-regular-underground-mines-stability-analysis/

Geotechnical analysis software and tools

Several software and tools are available for geotechnical analysis and stability assessment. Such tools are readily available in the market with a minimum cost. These tools includes GeoStudio, PLAXIS, FLAC, MAP, Strand etc. These software and tools allow engineers to simulate the behavior of soil and rock mass and to evaluate the stability of structures and slopes.

They also provide tools for analyzing the results of field and laboratory testing and for designing foundations and other structural elements.

Additionally, these software and tools allow engineers to evaluate the potential for geotechnical hazards.

Hiring a geotechnical engineer for stability assessment

Hiring a geotechnical engineer for stability assessment is critical in ensuring the safety and longevity of structures.

Geotechnical engineers are trained to evaluate soil and rock conditions. They also trained to analyze the behavior of soil and rock mass. This inputs will help us to design foundations and other structural elements that are stable and safe.

They are also trained to evaluate the potential for geotechnical hazards and to design measures to mitigate the risks associated with these hazards.

Hiring a geotechnical engineer can also help to reduce construction costs by optimizing the design. They also help us to design foundations and other structural elements by identifying potential cost-saving measures.

Conclusion

Geotechnical analysis is a crucial aspect of any construction project that involves excavation, foundation design, or slope stability analysis.

It provides critical information about the behavior of soil and rocks and their interaction with structures. Geotechnical analysis are essential in ensuring the safety and longevity of structures and in identifying potential geotechnical hazards.

By understanding the importance of this analysis, engineers can design structures and foundations that are safe & stable. It reduces the risk of failure and ensuring the safety of people and property. You can read the article- https://pilebuck.com/engineering/geotechnical-analysis-investigation-requirements-structures/

The Importance of Regular Underground Mine Stability Analysis for Risk Mitigation

As an assistant to mining professionals, I know how important it is to ensure the safety and stability of underground mines. One way to achieve this is through regular stability analysis. In this blog post, I will explore the importance of regular analysis of underground mine stability for risk mitigation and the common causes of underground mine instability. I will also explain the different types of underground mine stability analysis, techniques for monitoring underground mine stability, and the benefits of regular underground mine stability analysis. I will also explain some of the case studies on the importance of regular analysis for risk mitigation, best practices for conducting regular underground mines stability analysis, and tools and software for underground mines stability analysis.

Introduction to Underground Mines Stability

As we all know, underground mining is one of the most complex and challenging forms of mining. The stability of underground mines is a critical factor in ensuring the safety of workers, equipment, and the environment. We will discuss here the total process of analyzing stability, but you should have basic knowledge about mines and mining industries.

Stability and instability analysis is a process of evaluating the stability of underground mines, identifying potential risks, and developing measures to mitigate those risks. It involves the use of various techniques, tools, and software to determine the strength of the rock mass. And also to determine, the stress distribution, and the potential for failure.

The analysis helps to identify areas of the mine that are at risk of instability and develop measures to prevent or mitigate the risks.

The Importance of Regular Analysis for Risk Mitigation

Regular analysis of stability is essential for the safe and efficient operation of underground mines. It helps to identify potential risks and develop measures to mitigate those risks, reducing the likelihood of accidents, injuries, and fatalities.

Regular analysis is also critical for ensuring the long-term stability of the mine, reducing the risk of costly disruptions and downtime.

The consequences of underground mines instability can be severe, including the collapse of the mine, damage to equipment, and injury or loss of life.

It can help to identify potential instability before it becomes a significant problem, allowing for timely and effective action to be taken.

Common Causes of Underground Mines Instability

There are many potential causes of underground mines instability. Some of the most common causes include:

Geological factors

The geological characteristics of the rock mass, such as its strength, structure, and orientation, can affect the stability of the mine. Geological features such as faults, joints, and bedding planes can create areas of weakness that are prone to instability.

Mining activities

Mining activities such as blasting, drilling, and excavation can create stress concentrations in the rock mass, increasing the potential for instability. The removal of support pillars or overburden can also cause instability.

Environmental factors

Environmental factors such as water infiltration, changes in temperature, and seismic activity can affect the stability of the mine. Water infiltration can weaken the rock mass and increase the potential for instability, while changes in temperature and seismic activity can create stress concentrations.

Types of Underground Mines Stability Analysis

There are different types of underground mines stability analysis, including:

Numerical modeling

Numerical modeling involves the use of mathematical models to simulate the behavior of the rock mass and identify potential instability. The models can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional and can incorporate various factors such as geological characteristics, mining activities, and environmental factors.

Empirical methods

Empirical methods involve the use of empirical equations or charts to estimate the stability of the mine. The methods are based on the analysis of historical data and the observation of the behavior of the rock mass.

Analytical methods

Analytical methods involve the use of mathematical equations to determine the stability of the mine. The methods are based on the principles of mechanics and can incorporate factors such as the strength of the rock mass, the stress distribution, and the potential for failure.

Techniques for Monitoring Underground Mines Stability

Monitoring the stability of underground mines is critical for identifying potential risks and developing measures to mitigate those risks. There are different techniques for monitoring underground mines stability, including:

Visual inspections

Visual inspections involve the observation of the behavior of the rock mass and the identification of potential signs of instability such as cracks, bulges, and movements.

Geotechnical instrumentation

Geotechnical instrumentation involves the use of various instruments to monitor the behavior of the rock mass and identify potential risks. The instruments can include inclinometers, extensometers, and piezometers.

Remote sensing

Remote sensing involves the use of aerial or satellite imagery to monitor the behavior of the mine and identify potential risks. The imagery can be used to identify changes in the topography, vegetation, or water bodies.

Benefits of Regular Underground Mines Stability Analysis

Regular stability analysis offers several benefits, including:

Improved safety

Regular stability analysis helps to identify potential risks and develop measures to mitigate those risks, reducing the likelihood of accidents, injuries, and fatalities.

Reduced downtime

Regular stability analysis helps to ensure the long-term stability of the mine, reducing the risk of costly disruptions and downtime.

Increased efficiency

Regular stability analysis can help to optimize mining operations by identifying areas of the mine that are at risk of instability and developing measures to prevent or mitigate the risks.

Case Studies on the Importance of Regular Stability Analysis for Risk Mitigation

There are many case studies that demonstrate the importance of regular analysis for risk mitigation. One example is the 2010 Copiapó mining accident in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped underground for 69 days.

The accident was caused by a collapse of the mine, which was attributed to inadequate stability analysis and monitoring.

Another example is the 2013 Mount Polley mine disaster in Canada, where a tailings dam breached, releasing millions of cubic meters of water and mine tailings into the environment. The disaster was attributed to inadequate analysis and monitoring of the tailings dam.

Best Practices for Conducting Regular Underground Mines Stability Analysis

To ensure the effectiveness, it is essential to follow best practices, including:

Conduct regular inspections

Regular inspections should be conducted to identify potential risks and develop measures to mitigate those risks.

Use appropriate techniques

The appropriate techniques should be used to ensure accurate and reliable stability analysis.

Incorporate multiple factors

The stability analysis should incorporate multiple factors such as geological characteristics, mining activities, and environmental factors to ensure a comprehensive assessment.

Read the article to know the stability analysis in better way-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167903186901945

Tools and Software for Underground Mines Stability Analysis

There are many tools and software available for this particular purpose, but here we will mention the most used tools and techniques:

Rocscience

Rocscience is a suite of software tools for geotechnical analysis and design, including stability analysis of underground mines.

FLAC

FLAC is a numerical modeling software package that can be used for analysis of underground mines stability. See this post- https://waartsy.com/importance-of-numerical-modelling-in-mini/

Surpac

Surpac is a software package for geological modeling and mine planning, which helps us to design suitable geometry to analyze structural stability.

Conclusion

Regular analysis of underground mines stability is critical for ensuring the safety and stability of underground mines. It helps to identify potential risks and develop measures to mitigate those risks, reducing the likelihood of accidents, injuries, and fatalities.

Our daily observation and regular analysis is also essential for ensuring the long-term stability of the mine, reducing the risk of costly disruptions and downtime.